Frankenstein Key Theme: Nature versus Nurture
The Creature is initially portrayed with innate benevolence and empathy, as evidenced by his secret acts of kindness towards the impoverished De Lacey family. He observes their struggles and, despite his own hunger, abstains from stealing their food, demonstrating a natural capacity for compassion and moral understanding.
His transformation into a "fiend" is a direct result of corruption by rejection and isolation. Repeatedly shunned and attacked by humans due to his grotesque appearance, he experiences profound loneliness and despair, which gradually hardens his heart and fuels his desire for vengeance.
The Creature explicitly states this transformation, declaring, > "I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend." This powerful confession underscores Shelley's argument that his monstrous actions are a consequence of his suffering and the negative nurture he receives from society.
Victor's character is significantly shaped by his privileged upbringing within a distinguished family in Geneva. This environment fosters a sense of entitlement and a belief in his own exceptionalism, which contributes to his unchecked ambition and disregard for ethical boundaries.
His fostered arrogance and ambition lead him to pursue forbidden knowledge without considering the potential consequences. His family's indulgence and his own unchallenged intellectual pursuits create a nurturing ground for his destructive scientific endeavors, ultimately resulting in tragedy for himself and those he loves.
Victor's background is highlighted when he states, > "My family is one of the most distinguished of that republic." This social standing, while providing opportunities, also contributes to his detachment from common humanity and his belief that he is above ordinary moral constraints.
The theme is deeply embedded in the Romantic literary context, which often emphasized the power of nature, emotion, and the individual, while also critiquing the corrupting influence of society. Shelley's novel aligns with Romantic ideals by suggesting that a return to a natural, uncorrupted state might lead to greater happiness.
As a work of Gothic literature, Frankenstein utilizes the Creature's isolation and the psychological torment of both main characters to explore the consequences of transgressing societal norms and natural laws. The Creature's status as an outcast is a classic Gothic trope, intensifying the theme of nurture's failure.
The novel serves as a parable for the dangers of unchecked ambition and neglect. It warns that scientific progress, when pursued without ethical consideration or responsibility for its creations, can lead to catastrophic outcomes, not just for the creator but for society at large.
When analyzing this theme, focus on the character development of both the Creature and Victor over time. Trace how specific events and interactions (or lack thereof) contribute to their evolving personalities and moral choices, rather than assuming static traits.
Pay close attention to specific incidents of rejection or privilege. For the Creature, this includes his encounters with the De Laceys and other villagers. For Victor, consider his family's indulgence and his professors' reactions to his scientific interests.
Always connect character actions to Shelley's broader philosophical message. For example, the Creature's violence is not just an act of evil, but a consequence that highlights Shelley's critique of societal prejudice and the importance of empathy and responsible creation.
Use quotations that directly illustrate the impact of external forces on character. For instance, the Creature's declaration, "I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend," is a direct statement of the nurture argument.