To receive a clinical diagnosis, symptoms must be present continually for a period of more than two weeks.
The severity of the disorder is determined by the number of symptoms present: Mild (2 key symptoms + 2 others), Moderate (4 or more total), and Severe (7 or more total).
Diagnosis is typically performed using standardized tools like the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which provides a global framework for identifying mental disorders.
| Feature | Normal Sadness | Clinical Depression |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | Temporary; passes with time | Persistent; lasts 2+ weeks |
| Cause | Usually linked to a specific event | Often unpredictable or lacks a clear trigger |
| Function | Does not stop daily life | Prevents normal functioning and goal achievement |
| Self-Esteem | Generally remains intact | Significant loss of self-worth |
The Two-Week Rule: Always check the duration mentioned in a case study; if it is less than 14 days, it may not meet the criteria for clinical depression.
Identify the 'Key' Symptoms: In exam questions, look specifically for dysphoria, anhedonia, and fatigue, as these are the primary indicators used in diagnostic tools like the ICD.
Severity Calculation: Practice categorizing cases into mild, moderate, or severe based on the count of symptoms provided in the scenario.
Distinguish Unipolar from Bipolar: Remember that unipolar involves a consistent low, while bipolar requires evidence of a 'manic' phase (euphoria and high energy).
