Scanning for Functional Language: In reading exams, focus on identifying 'signposting' words that indicate a change in topic or a specific workplace function, such as 'Furthermore' for addition or 'Nevertheless' for contrast. This allows for faster navigation of dense professional texts.
The Three-Step Writing Process: For writing tasks, first identify the target audience to set the tone; second, outline the key points using professional bullet points or clear paragraphs; and third, proofread specifically for 'false friends' or informal contractions like 'don't' or 'can't'.
Active Listening for Cues: In listening tasks, pay attention to intonation and stress, which often highlight the speaker's attitude toward a future plan. A rising intonation might indicate uncertainty or a request for confirmation rather than a firm statement of fact.
Intention vs. Arrangement: Use 'be going to' for a plan you have in your head but haven't acted on yet. Use the 'Present Continuous' for arrangements where a time, place, or other person is already involved.
Formal vs. Informal Salutations: Use 'Dear Sir/Madam' when the recipient's name is unknown and 'Yours faithfully' to close. Use 'Dear Mr./Ms. [Surname]' when the name is known and 'Yours sincerely' to close.
| Feature | Formal (External) | Semi-Formal (Internal) |
|---|---|---|
| Vocabulary | Utilize, Assist, Enquire | Use, Help, Ask |
| Structure | Passive voice often used | Active voice preferred |
| Contractions | Never used (e.g., I am) | Occasionally used (e.g., I'm) |
Check the Prompt for Constraints: Always verify the word count and the specific role you are asked to play. If the prompt asks you to write as a manager to an employee, your tone must be authoritative yet professional, avoiding overly casual slang.
The 'Will' Trap: Avoid using 'will' for all future references. Examiners look for a variety of structures; using 'will' for a scheduled meeting is a common error that suggests a lack of grammatical range.
Verify Logical Flow: In writing and speaking, ensure that your future plans follow a logical sequence. For example, you must mention 'applying for a job' before 'attending an interview' or 'starting a position'.
Over-formality: Students often use archaic or overly complex language (e.g., 'I shall commence my duties') when a standard formal phrase (e.g., 'I will start my role') is more appropriate for modern business. This can make the writing feel unnatural.
Misinterpreting 'Soft Skills': A common mistake is listing tasks (e.g., 'I can use Excel') as soft skills. Soft skills are behavioral traits (e.g., 'I am a collaborative team player'), whereas technical tasks are 'hard skills'.
Ignoring the 'Why': In exam answers regarding future career plans, students often state what they want to do without explaining why. Providing a rationale demonstrates higher-level thinking and better command of complex sentence structures.
